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Thursday 21 June 2018

114 Chapters (Surahs) of the Holy Qur'an: Translation, Exegesis / Tafsir

Al Qur'an is last of the four Divine Scriptures sent by Allah through His revered prophets. The Qur'an is divided into 30 parts and contains 114 chapters, called Sūrah in Arabic. Each part has varying number of chapters depending upon their length. For example, the second surah Al Baqarah (The Cow) is spread over two and half parts.

The revelation of surahs can be divided into those revealed before the Hijra in Makka, called Meccan surahs, and those which revealed in Medina after the Hijrah, are called Median surahs. Meccan surahs are typically shorter than Medinan surahs, with relatively short verses (āyāt), and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an. 

The chapter revealed during stay of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Makkah is about 13 years (610-622 AD) up to the time of his Hijrah to Madina. The second phase of revelation phase lasted about 10 years, from Hijrah Madina and to the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him). It is generally agreed that out of the 114 chapters, 28 were revealed in Medinah.

Although placed at number 96, the opening verses of The Surah Al Alaq (Clot) became the first verses of the Holy Qur'an revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him):
“Read in the name of thy Lord Who created: Created man from a clot of blood. Recite! Thy Lord is the Most Beneficent, who taught man by the pen, taught him what he knew not”
And the last surah to be revealed on Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was Sürah Al Nasr (Succour), revealed shortly after the magnificent cashless capture of city of Makkah, which gave an indication to the prophet that now his mission had come to an end for he had for the last 23 years successfully not only conveyed the words and commandants of Allah to mankind but also lived a life exactly as spelt out in the Holy Qur'an:
When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest,
And you see the people entering into the religion of Allah in multitudes,
Then exalt [Him] with praise of your Lord and ask forgiveness of Him. Indeed, He is ever Accepting of repentance.
It may be asked as to why the exegesis of Sūrahs is repeated in our blog as these are available on internet and anyone can consult the related sites. The difference between the exegesis / tafsir in our blog is that while other sites present only one explanation from one scholar, we have combined explanations / exegesis of each verse by more than one scholar. In some cases, the verses carry explanation by no less than three-four scholars. This gives a reader a chance to read the viewpoint of different scholars and how they interpret each verse as per their perception and experience. 

The details of 114 chapters along with their subject translated in English is shown as against each Arabic name herein under. The Surahs in BLUE colour are those which were revealed in Makkah, while those in GREEN colour were revealed in Medinah.

Note: The explanation and exegesis / tafsir of the Qur'an should be read in conjunction with our post:  
Introduction to Qur'an and Explanation of Surah Al Fatihah (The first Surah / Chapter) of Qur'an by eminent Muslim scholar Dr Israr Ahmed.

Juz 1
Sürah 1 Al Fatiha (The Opener) 

Juz 1-3
Sürah Al Baqarah (The Cow) 

Juz 3-4
Sürah Al 'Imran
| Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV | Part V | Part VI |

Juz 4-5
Sürah 4 An Nisa' (Women)   
Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV | Part V |

Juz 6-7
Sürah 5Al Ma'idah (The Table Spread) 
Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II |    Part III | Part IV |

Juz 7-8
Sürah 6. An An'aam   (Cattle) 
| Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II | Part III

Juz 8-9
Sürah 7Al A'raf (The Heights) 
| Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV |

Juz 9-10
Sürah 8Al Anfal (Spoils of War) 
| Overview | Part I | Part II |

Juz 10-11
Sürah 9Al Tawbah (Repentance) 
| Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II

Juz 11
Sürah 10Al Yunus (Jonah) 
Overview | Part I | Part II | Part III |  | Part IV |

Juz 11-12
Sürah 11Al Hud 
Overview | Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV |

Juz 12-13
Sürah 12Yusuf (Joseph) 
Overview | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Lessons |

Juz 13
Sürah 13Al Ra'd (Thunder) | Exegesis |

Juz 14:
Sürah 14Ibrahim (Abraham) | Exegesis |

Sürah 15 Al Hijr (The Rocky Tract)

Sürah 16. An Nahl (The Bee) 
| Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III | 

Juz 15
Sürah 17Al Isra(The Night Journey) 
Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III |  | Part IV |

Juz 15-16
Sürah 18Al Kahf (The Cave) 
Overview | Part I | Part II | Part III |  | Part IV | Lessons and Secrets |

Juz 16
Sürah 19. Maryam (Mary)
Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III |

Sürah 20. Ta Ha  
Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III |

Juz 17:
Sürah 21. Al Anbiya  (The Prophets) 
Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III

Sürah 22Al Hajj (The Pilgrimage) 
| Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II|

Juz 18
Sürah 23Al Mu'minun (The Believers) 
|Exegesis: Part I | Part II |

Sürah 24 An Noor
| Overview | Part I | Part II | Part III |  | Part IV | Part V

Juz 18-19
Sürah 25Al Furqan (The Criterion) 
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 19
Sürah 26. sh Shu'ara (The Poets) 
|Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III | Part IV | Part V |

Juz 19-20
Sürah 27Al Naml (The Ants) 
Overview | Exegesis: | Part I | Part II|

Juz 20
Sürah 28. l Qasas (The Story) 
Overview | Exegesis Part I | Exegesis Part II |

Juz 20-21
Sürah 29Al 'Ankabut (The Spider) 
Overview | Exegesis |

Juz 21
Sürah 30. l Rum (The Romans) 
Historical Background | Exegesis |

Sürah 31Al Luqman

Sürah 32.  Al Sajdah (Prostration) 
| Overview | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 21-22
Sürah 33 Al Ahzab (The Clans) 
| OverviewExegesis Battle of Trench |

Juz 22
Sürah 34Saba' (Sheba)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 35Fatir (The Originator)
| Overview | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 22-23
Sürah 36Yā-Sīn  
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer : Part I (Ruku 1-3, verses 1-50)Part II (Ruku 4-5, verses 51-83) |

Juz 23
Sürah 37Al Saffat (Those Ranged in Ranks) 
| Overview | Exegesis: Part I | Part II | Part III |

Sürah 38Al Sad- The Letter Saad 
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer > Part I | Part II |

Juz 23-24
Sürah 39 Al Zumar (The Throngs)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 24
Sürah 40Mu'min (Believer) also called Ghafir (Forgiving)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 24-25
Sürah 41 Fussilat (Clearly Spelled Out)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 25:
Sürah 42Al Shura (Consultation)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 43.  Al Zukhruf (The Ornaments of Gold)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 44Al Dukhan (Smoke)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 45Al Jathiyah (Kneeling Down)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer

Juz 26:
Sürah 46Al Ahqaf (The Sand-Dunes) 
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 47Muhammad (The Praised One)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 48Al Fath (Victory) 
| Overview | Exegesis |

Sürah 49Al Hujurat (The Private Apartments) 
| Overview| Exegesis |

Sürah 50Qaf
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 26-27
Sürah 51 Al Dhariyat (The Winnowing Winds) 
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 27
Sürah 52Al Tur (The Mount)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 53Al Najm (The Unfolding)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 54Al Qamar (The Moon)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 55Ar Rahman (The Most Merciful) 
| Part 1 (Introduction) | Part 2 (Summary) | Part 3 (Tafsir / Exegesis) | Understanding Surah Ar Rahman |

Sürah 56Al Waqi'ah (The Inevitable Event)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | Part I | Part II | Similarities: Surah Ar Rahman - Surah Al Waqi'ah |

Sürah 57Al Hadid (Iron)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 28
Sürah 58Al Mujadilah (The Pleading Woman)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer

Sürah 59Al Hashr (The Gathering)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | Guidance from Surah Al Hashr

Sürah 60Al Mumtahinah (The Examined One)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | Tafsir Verse 10 |

Sürah 61Al Saff (The Ranks)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 62Al Jumu'ah (The Congregation)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 63Al Munafiqoon (The Hypocrites)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 64Al Taghabun (Loss and Gain)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 65Al Talaq (Divorce)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 66At Tahrim (The Prohibition)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 29:
Sürah 67Al Mulk (Dominion) 
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 68Al Qalam (The Pen)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 69Al Haqqah (The Inevitable Reality)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 70Al Ma'arij (The Ascending Stairways)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 71Nuh (Noah)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 72Al Jinn (The Jinn - The Unseen Beings)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 73Al Muzzammil (The Enshrouded One)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 74Al Muddaththir (The Enfolded One)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 75Al Qiyamah (Resurrection)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 76. Al Insan  (Man) / Al Dahr (The Endless Time)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 77Al Mursalat (Those Sent Forth)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Juz 30:
Sürah 78An Naba' (The Great News)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 79Al Nazi'at (Those Who Pull Out)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 80'Abasa (He Frowned)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 81Al Takwir (The Folding Up / The Cessation)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 82Al Infitar (The Cleaving Asunder)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 83Al Mutaffifin (Those Who Give Short Measure)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 84Al Inshiqaq (The Splitting Asunder)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 85Al Buruj (The Great Constellation)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 86Al Tariq (That Which Comes in the Night)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 87Al A'la (The All-Highest)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 88Al Ghashiyah (The Overwhelming Event)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 89Al Fajr (The Daybreak)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 90Al Balad (The City)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 91Al Shams (The Sun)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 92Al Layl (The Night)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 93Al Duha (The Bright Morning Hours)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 94Al Sharh (The Relief / Comfort)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 95Al Tin (The Fig)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 96Al 'Alaq (The Clinging Clot)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 97Al Qadr (The Power / Destiny) 
| Overview | Exegesis |

Sürah 98Al Bayyinah (The Evidence of Truth)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 99Al Zalzalah (The Earthquake)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 100Al 'Adiyat (The Chargers)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 101. Al Qari'ah (The Striking Calamity)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 102. Al Takathur (Greed for More and More)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 103. Al 'Asr (The Time) 
| Overview | Summary Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 104. Al Humazah (The Slanderer)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 105. Al Fil (The Elephant)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | Short Stories from Quran |

Sürah 106. Al Quraysh (The Tribe of Quraysh)
| Overview | Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 107. Al Ma'un (Small Kindnesses)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 108. Al Kawthar (Good in Abundance)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | What is Al Kauthar (ٱلْكَوْثَرَ) |

Sürah 109. Al Kafirun (The Unbelievers / Those Who Deny the Truth)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 110.  Al Nasr (Divine Help / Succour)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 111. Al Masad (The Twisted Strands)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 112.  Al Ikhlas (The Declaration of [God's] Oneness)

Sürah 113. Al Falaq (The Rising Dawn)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer |

Sürah 114. Al Naas (Mankind)
| Summary | Exegesis / Tafseer | Striking resemblance between Surahs Falaq and Naas |
Reading the Al Qur'an should be a daily obligation of a Muslim - Reading it with translation will make it meaningful. But reading its Exegesis / Tafsir will make you understand it fully. May Allah (سبحانه و تعالى‎) help us understand Qur'ān and help us to act upon the commandments of Allah contained therein. May Allah help us to be like the ones He loves and let our lives be lived helping others and not making others' lives miserable or unlivable. May all our wrong doings, whether intentional or unintentional, be forgiven before the angel of death knocks on our door. 

May Allah forgive me if my posts ever imply a piety far greater than I possess. I am most in need of guidance.

An effort has been made to gather explanation / exegesis of the surahs of the Holy Qur'an from authentic sources and then present a least possible condensed explanation of the surah. In that:
  • The plain translation has been taken from the Holy Quran officially published by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 
  • The exegesis of the chapters of the Holy Quran is mainly based on the "Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an" by one of the most enlightened scholars of the Muslim World Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. 
In order to augment and add more explanation as already provided by [2], additional input has been interjected from following sources:
  • Towards Understanding the Quran
  • Tafsir Ibn Khatir
  • Muhammad Asad Translation
  • Al-Quran, Yusuf Ali Translation
  • Javed Ahmad Ghamidi / Al Mawrid
  • Verse by Verse Qur'an Study Circle
  • Tafsir Nouman Ali Khan
In addition, references of other sources which have been explored have also been given above. Those desirous of detailed explanations and tafsir (exegesis), may refer to these sites.

You may also refer to our Reference Pages and Reference Page on Understanding Al Qur'an for knowing more about Islam and Qur'ān.

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1 comments:

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